Gravel Driveway - What are the steps to follow to build one?

It goes without saying that asphalt is usually the first material that comes to mind when considering a new driveway. However, there are other options on the market that are just as durable and aesthetically pleasing.

For those who want to choose a material that’s both natural and eco-friendly, why not opt for gravel? Whether your project covers the entire driveway or just a single walkway, gravel is compact, comes in many different colours, and is relatively inexpensive.

Want to learn how to calculate the amount of gravel needed? How about the type of gravel to purchase? All of your questions will be answered below. So, here are the steps to follow to make a gravel driveway.

How to build and lay a gravel driveway?

Source : Soumission Rénovation

Planning and Calculating Gravel Quantity

As with any project, the first step is to create a plan. When starting its development, you should keep in mind that the entrance needs to be wide enough for pedestrians to pass easily. Don't forget that if you plant flowers and shrubs along the edges, they will reduce the usable space of your path as they grow.

Considering this, a pedestrian path should measure between 80 centimetres and 1.3 metres; this width will also be sufficient to allow movement with gardening equipment or a lawnmower. You’ll be glad you built this path when it’s time to garden, as it will prevent mud from getting stuck in the wheels of your wheelbarrow or dirtying your shoes.

Once the dimensions of the entrance are established, you will need to calculate the amount of gravel required. 50 kg of gravel per square metre is a good average. Before starting your calculation, keep in mind that the path will consist of two to three layers to ensure its strength and durability, especially considering our Quebec winters.

While river rocks are commonly used for flowerbeds, it’s better to select 0-3/4'' gravel, made of rock dust, to create a nice path. Crushed gravel is preferable to rolled gravel. For driveways and paths in the yard, choose decorative gravel with a size between 7 and 20 millimetres. Before using it, you may need to sift it to remove dirt, to prevent creating gaps in the middle of your path where weeds could grow freely.

Also consider the materials you want to use to set up your path. For example, you might want to install a border of paving stones or rocks, or dig holes to incorporate lights, and so on.

Laying the First Gravel Layer

First, mark the edges of the path with a rope and stakes. Then, you need to dig to a depth of about 10 centimetres. To work on a level surface, be sure to flatten the ground with a garden roller and lay a geotextile membrane at the bottom of the path. You are now ready to lay the first layer of gravel, which should be made of "homogeneous" ¾-inch gravel, about 8 centimetres thick.

It is crucial to choose gravel with uniform stones; otherwise, it could compact to the point where it no longer allows water to filter through. To create an even layer, roll over the entire surface with a garden roller that fits the width of the path.

Adding the Second Gravel Layer

Next, you will need to lay a geotextile membrane over the gravel to create the second layer and prevent the two layers from mixing. This second layer of gravel should be about 2 centimetres thick. As for the size of the gravel grains, you have some flexibility here. However, keep in mind that finer gravel will create a more aesthetically pleasing appearance. Finish the job by leveling the final layer with the garden roller.

Although not absolutely necessary for the success of your project, it may be advisable to extend the first layer of geotextile membrane up the edges of the path to the ground level. This is a tip to prevent the roots of shrubs along the path from eventually growing into it.

The Different Rocks: Best Gravel Types for Driveways

Crushed Gravel 0—¾: The Ideal Base for Stability

Crushed gravel 0—¾ is essential for building a durable and sturdy driveway. Made from crushed stones and rock dust, this material compacts easily, providing a stable and uniform base that can withstand the passage of vehicles, including heavier ones.

It is especially recommended as the first layer for driveways because it offers excellent adhesion and minimizes the risk of shifting or settling over time. This gravel is also permeable, promoting rainwater drainage and reducing the risk of water accumulation and freeze-related damage during the winter.

To determine the amount of gravel needed, plan for about 50 kg per square metre, depending on the desired thickness. Be sure to compact this layer thoroughly with a roller to ensure a smooth, solid surface before adding a decorative top layer.

Decorative Gravel: An Aesthetic and Functional Finish

For the finishing touch of your driveway, decorative gravel is the perfect choice. Available in a variety of sizes and colours, it adds an aesthetic dimension while maintaining the functionality and permeability of a gravel pathway. Popular options include river pebbles, which provide a natural look, and decorative stones in the 7 to 20 millimetre range, ideal for creating a neat and harmonious appearance.

Decorative gravel is not only visually appealing but also durable, requiring minimal maintenance. Unlike other materials like asphalt or concrete, it’s easy to replace or replenish when needed. Additionally, it works well with winding driveways and borders made with permeable pavers or natural stones, offering unique versatility to customize your outdoor space.

Pros and Cons of a Gravel Driveway

Source : Soumission Rénovation

The Pros

One of the primary advantages of gravel is its low cost, approximately $35 per square metre. Additionally, gravel naturally filters water, preventing water from accumulating on the surface. This makes a gravel pathway an effective solution for avoiding stagnant water.

Furthermore, gravel is an environmentally friendly material, helping to reduce negative impacts on the environment. If you're considering a winding driveway, gravel offers a more flexible option compared to asphalt, making it easier to create curves. Lastly, the fact that gravel pathways require minimal technical skills and few people to install makes this option both cost-effective and manageable for DIY projects.

The Cons

One of the drawbacks of gravel is that it may begin to loosen slightly over time. As a result, it requires more maintenance compared to a traditional asphalt driveway. You'll need to add more gravel a few years after installation to keep the surface level. Additionally, gravel is not recommended for steep slopes, as rainwater can wash it away, causing your carefully constructed driveway to deteriorate due to the effects of gravity.

Cost and Maintenance

Source : Soumission Rénovation

Cost Estimation for a Gravel Driveway

One of the main advantages of gravel is its affordability. On average, the price for a gravel driveway ranges between $30 and $50 per square meter, depending on the type of gravel used and additional materials such as borders or geotextile fabric. If you choose bulk gravel directly from the quarry, the cost can be further reduced, though delivery fees should be considered.

For an accurate estimate, calculate the area of your driveway and include costs for land preparation, fabric installation, and compaction. Comparing several free quotes is a great way to optimize your budget while ensuring quality work.

Recommended DIY Maintenance Tips

A gravel driveway requires minimal but regular maintenance to maintain its appearance and functionality. Compact the gravel once a year to prevent it from spreading under the weight of vehicles, and add a new layer as needed to maintain sufficient thickness.

Winter can be challenging for this type of driveway: shovel snow carefully to avoid shifting the stones, and ensure the gravel stays in place on steeper areas. Finally, regularly inspect the driveway to identify and fill any spots where gravel may have shifted due to rain or frequent vehicle traffic.

In Conclusion

A gravel driveway is a versatile, affordable, and eco-friendly solution for enhancing your outdoor spaces. Whether you choose crushed gravel 0-¾” for the base or decorative stones for a polished finish, this material offers both functionality and aesthetics.

With proper planning, the addition of borders, and regular maintenance, your gravel driveway can last for many years while enhancing the charm of your property. Investing in a gravel driveway means choosing a durable material that blends naturally with your surroundings, providing an excellent alternative to traditional options like asphalt or concrete.

FAQ

Which type of gravel is best for a driveway?

Crushed gravel is ideal for a driveway. Use 0-¾” gravel for the base layers, as it consists of stones and rock dust that compact easily. For the top layer, choose decorative stones between 7 and 20 millimetres, such as river rocks or quarry gravel, to achieve an aesthetic and functional finish.

What size of gravel should be used for the front of a house?

For a home entrance, choose gravel between 10 and 20 millimetres. This size strikes a good balance between aesthetics and durability, allowing smooth vehicle access while minimizing water buildup. Ensure the gravel is well compacted to prevent shifting under the weight of cars or pedestrians.

How do you make a gravel garage entrance?

For a garage entrance, it's important to use a solid base. Dig to a depth of 15 centimetres to install a layer of 0-¾” crushed gravel, ensuring optimal stability for vehicle traffic. Add a second layer of decorative gravel or medium-sized crushed stone for an attractive finish. A sturdy border, such as paving stones, will help contain the gravel and keep the entrance in good condition.