Space Heaters - How to Choose the Right One for You

Are you looking for a space heater but not sure which one is right for you? Between gas-fueled, electric, or wood-burning models, options aren’t what's lacking, and each has device-specific advantages and drawbacks.

What heating option is most cost-effective? Which can heat a room most efficiently? What criteria should you consider before making a purchase?

This article will compare different space heaters to help you choose the best option for your comfort and budget.

What Are the Key Features of a Space or Portable Heater?

Power Output

Choosing a portable or space heater hinges on a single and fundamental factor: the square footage to be heated. The device’s necessary power output depends on three key variables:

• Square footage

• Ceiling height

• Insulation quality

A space heater's power output should be measured based on the room’s size, using units such as square feet or cubic meters.

As such, the general guideline states that 70–100 W are needed to heat roughly 11 square feet in a room with 2.5 m high ceilings. However, the power output can drop to 30 watts in a well-insulated room.

The space heaters retailed in stores never exceed 1,500 W, as this is the maximum power a standard wall outlet can handle without becoming a fire hazard. Note that electric utility heaters can’t be used to heat an entire room unless the area in question is relatively small. However, you can position the space heater near your person, whether you’re on the couch, sitting at a desk or dining table, lying in bed, etc.

Compact Design/Portability

All space heaters are portable, but some models have a more compact design compared to others. A device’s level of portability depends on its weight. Moreover, some space heaters are fitted with caster wheels for increased mobility.

So, if you’re hoping to move your space heater from one room to another, choose a lightweight device or prioritize those with caster wheels.

Temperature Control Options

There are three ways to manage heat output: 

• Thermostat

• Remote control

• Timer

A programmable or smart thermostat ensures the room maintains a consistent temperature, helping save energy by preventing unnecessary heating.

Some models are sold with remote controls, enabling users to adjust the temperature remotely.

The timer adds to the overall system, allowing the device to power off after a certain amount of time. It makes for a very useful feature on a bedroom space heater, perfect for when you’re snug under the duvet and don’t want the heat running all night.

Safety

To use the purchased space heater properly, refer to the manufacturer’s instruction manual or user’s guide. Inside, you’ll find information as to whether it can be used:

• Inside

• Outside

• In either environment

No matter what, avoid setting up a space heater within 3 feet (1 m) of flammable materials, such as curtains, wallpaper, furniture, etc.

To ensure maximum safety from the outset, prioritize space heaters labelled with the following:

• Underwriters Laboratories of Canada (ULC) seal

• Canadian Standards Association (CSA) seal

• CGA label (for gas-fueled fireplaces or stoves)

Radiator vs. Space Heater: Which Is Best?

Radiators are fixed heaters, grouped with other residential central heating systems, meaning they’re wall-mounted, in a room corner, and powered by electricity or warm water, courtesy of an electric or fuel-powered water heater (gas, wood, oil).

On the other hand, traditional space heaters are fan heaters that can be moved from one room to another and plugged into a wall outlet. However, homeowners should never use only space heaters to heat their entire homes. Space heaters are meant to be used over short periods of time to provide additional heat in a given room. They work as a backup to a central heating system.  

For Indoor or Outdoor Use?

Electric space heaters are suited to both indoor and outdoor use. However, when it comes to heating an outdoor space—a deck, patio, or terrace—a lot more options are available: 

• Electric heater

• Propane gas heater

• Natural gas heater

The advantage of using gas is its mobility and power output. No need for a wall outlet nearby as it’s powered by a gas cylinder hooked up to the dwelling’s gas line.

Another advantage of gas fireplaces is that just one pound of propane can power an outdoor heater with 21,600 BTU for 9 to 13 hours.

With or Without Electricity?

Outdoors, electric space heaters are rather advantageous given that they: 

• Produce seven times less carbon dioxide than gas fireplaces

• Use little energy

• Efficiently heat enclosed spaces

• Use radiant heat (infrared heating)

• Designed for year-round outside use

However, some drawbacks can be perceived as deal-breakers, given that electric space heaters: 

• Are powered by 240 V

• Require a designated breaker in the main electrical panel

• Have a 1,500 W power output  

As a result, for an outdoor space heater, it’s best to stick with a gas-powered device. 

What Are the Different Types of Space Heaters?

Portable Electric Radiators

Characteristics

Electric space heaters come in a slew of unique models: 

• Portable 

• Fan

• Radiant

• Oil

The above-listed models are available on caster wheels and for wall-mounted installations.

Advantages 

Electric space heaters are extremely safe compared to gas-powered units and are the only models that can be used safely indoors. As long as there’s a nearby power outlet, said devices can be used just about anywhere inside, even a bathroom.

Despite a significant power use, newer models are increasingly energy efficient. 

The broad range of design and size options makes for an easy integration, no matter your home decor or aesthetic.

Drawbacks

With the same power output, an electric space heater consumes twice as much electricity as a fixed heater, making it anything but cost-effective.

Natural Gas or Propane Space Heaters

Characteristics

The key difference between a natural gas space heater and a propane-powered one is that the former connects directly to a gas line, while the latter relies on a refillable gas cylinder for fuel.

Furthermore, natural gas heaters are fixed, meaning that once installed, they’re designed for year-round outdoor use. 

Advantages 

Different gas-powered space heaters are retailed, designed to suit different heatable surfaces:

• Infrared heating for air quality

• Catalytic heating for large surface areas

• Blue flame heating for rapid heating

• Firepit for outdoor heating

Also, a gas heater has power output on its side since it’s not limited by 5,000 BTU (1,500 W).

Drawbacks

Maintaining a space heater is a huge drawback since the following features must be regularly cleaned and checked:

• Air filters

• Burners

• Thermocouple 

Neglecting maintenance and checks risks releasing carbon dioxide, which can have fatal consequences. Hence, these devices aren’t recommended for indoor use.

Blue-flame gas heaters are large devices and, therefore, are rarely used by homeowners. They’re most often found in commercial or institutional buildings.

Lastly, no matter the model, gas-powered space heaters use roughly ½ a pound of gas per hour (between 250 and 280 grams) and generate yearly as much carbon dioxide as a truck operating at full speed—7,500 lb (3,400 kg).

Wood-Burning Fireplaces and Stoves

Characteristics

Wood-burning heaters come in the following models:

• Chimney insert

• Log-burning stove 

• Pellet stove

Advantages 

• High efficiency

• Green fuel—wood is renewable

• Cheaper than gas and oil

• Log, pellet, or wood chips

Drawbacks

Retail prices fluctuate substantially from one model to another, especially on account of: 

• Features

• Brand

• Design

Additionally, to ensure the safe use of a wood-burning stove, it’s essential that the chimney flue be properly maintained and regularly cleaned. Otherwise, the device’s efficiency will be significantly reduced, making it a fire hazard and releasing carbon monoxide, which could be fatal for the home occupants.

Lastly, storing logs takes up a lot of space. As such, having a big enough dedicated storage spot is a must. It should be suited for wood storage and be moisture-proof.

Oil Space Heaters 

Characteristics

This type of space heater uses an electrically heated resistor to raise the temperature of the heat transfer fluid. The heated mineral oil, known for its high efficiency, then warms the surrounding room.

Advantages 

The gentle heat generated by the oil is released relatively slowly, making for an interesting heating option, cost-wise. Inertia allows the room to be heated, even when powered off. It also doesn’t require any sort of upkeep, nor does it run on electricity.

Drawbacks

While it does generate thermal inertia, oil space heaters are less efficient than other types of electric heaters. Note that leaks aren’t uncommon after a few years of use.

Moreover, when turned on, it’s likely to emit a similar sound to a fryer, so it's not a quiet operation. And, as with a fryer, skin burns aren’t unlikely; you risk burning yourself from a single touch.

Additionally, it’s just as aesthetically unpleasing as a kitchen fryer and as cumbersome as a space heater can be.

Also, steer clear of this sort of space heater if you’re looking for a rapid-heating solution. While it does keep heating after it’s powered off, it still takes a significant amount of time to reach a comfortable temperature.

However, there are turbo models, which, once powered on, take little time to heat the desired surface area.

Ending on its biggest drawback: its weight. While it’s mounted on caster wheels, moving it around can be a challenging feat, and forget about bringing it upstairs or downstairs.

Infrared Space Heaters

Characteristics

Infrared space heaters fall into two categories:

• Electric

• Gas 

With either, it’s a radiation-based heating method.

Advantages 

Both systems heat quickly and efficiently and diffuse a comfortable heat.

Drawbacks

As mentioned, gas is still the root cause of carbon monoxide emissions. Furthermore, infrared heating consumes the most gas when powered on: more than ½ pound per hour (280 grams).

Choosing the Right Space Heater Equals Comfort and Savings

Choosing the right space heater for your home hinges on several key factors to optimize both thermal comfort and energy costs. The type of heating, its power output, and safety options are all important factors to consider to make an informed decision. Investing in a suitable device makes for a cozy and cost-effective environment, one that meets your heating needs during the colder months while also reducing your carbon footprint.

FAQ About Space Heaters

What is the safest space heater to use overnight? 

Aside from oil heaters, electric space heaters are the safest option. While they don’t emit carbon dioxide, nor will they set your chimney on fire, the casing reaches burning temperatures when functioning.

As a result, there’s a real risk of skin burns in young children, and if placed near flammable furniture, it could trigger a house fire.

The safest types of heating are therefore the following electric space heating options:

• Portable

• Fan

• Radiant

What is the most effective type of space heater?

Oil-fueled radiators and electric convectors are both portable heating options that release a gentle and even heat while also being energy efficient. They’re designed for prolonged usage and low fuel use. Pellet stoves also diffuse a consistent heat and are highly energy efficient.

What is the most cost-effective heating method?

Wood-burning or pellet heaters are typically cost-effective in the long run due to the low cost of fuel. Among electric options, inertia radiators provide decent energy efficiency by accumulating heat and gradually releasing it, reducing consumption.

How to clean a gas-powered space heater?

Cleaning a gas space heater is key to ensuring safety and efficiency. Here’s how to clean a gas-powered space heater:

1. Make sure the device is powered down by cutting off the gas supply.

2. Wait until the device has completely cooled off before cleaning. It can take a while.

3. Remove and clean all removable parts (protective grille, burners, heat diffusers, etc.). Make sure all parts are completely dry before refitting them.

4. Wipe off dirt and dust inside the unit with a soft-bristle brush or vacuum. Proceed carefully so as not to damage internal components.

5. Inspect the burners: Make sure all burner holes are unobstructed to ensure proper combustion.

6. Check all pipes and fittings to spot potential gas leaks.

It's recommended to hire a qualified professional to deep clean your gas-powered space heater once yearly to ensure its proper functioning and the overall safety of your home.